Summer
2007

Operating Systems Principles
[32 215] half-course, 4VL + 2PR

Instructor(s): Prof. Jens-Peter Redlich, Dipl-Inf. Kurth


Computer Science Department
Systems Architecture Group
 

Prüfungskomplexe finden Sie hier

Abstract: An operating system (OS) is the software responsible for controlling and managing hardware and basic system operations, as well as running application software such as word processing programs and Web browsers. In general, the operating system is the first layer of software loaded into computer memory when it starts up. All other software that gets loaded after it depends on the operating system to provide various common core services, such as disk access, memory management, task scheduling, and user interfaces. As operating systems evolve, ever more services are expected to be common core. These days, an OS may be required to provide network and Internet connectivity and also to protect the computer's other software from damage by malicious programs, such as viruses. Operating systems in widespread use on personal computers (PC) have consolidated into two families: the Microsoft Windows family and the Unix-like family. Mainframe computers and embedded systems use a variety of different operating systems, many with no direct connection to Windows or Unix.

Building Operating Systems is much about studying existing systems, knowing common problems, knowing what other people did, and figuring out if their ideas can be applied to a given new problem. These long-lasting principles - as opposed to specific details of today's systems/software - is what this half course is about.
 
Synopsis:
  • Half-Course, Praktische Informatik, Hauptstudium.
  • Offered regularly, at least once every two years, usually in sping.
  • 2 lectures per week, 2h each, over one semester (4SWS VL).
  • 1 lab (Praktikum) per week, 2h each, over one semester (2SWS PR).

Credits and grading:

  • There will be a few, short, unannounced, closed-book quizzes to verify your existence and to test your understanding.
  • To qualify for the final examination, you have to complete all lab assignments to the satisfaction of the teaching assistant (70% = 35 points).
  • Regular class attendance is expected; frequent absences are grounds for a failing grade regardless of other performance. You may be missing up to 1 lecture per semester without prior and reasonable excuse. 'prior' means notification by email before the end of business the day before the lecture. 'reasonable' means sickness or study-related events that require your attendance.
  • Lectures begin on time. Students arriving more than 10 minutes late will not be admitted to the lecture and will be counted as 'missing' that day.

Prerequisites:

Lab (Praktikum):

Syllabus - Lecture:
  • Administrative Information   [ slides]
  1. Historical Review   [ slides]
    Aufzählung Dijkstra: The structure of the THE multiprogramming system (THE)
    Aufzählung Corbato: An Experimental Time-Sharing System (CTSS)
    Aufzählung Feiertag: The Multics Input Output system (MULTICS)
    Aufzählung Ritchie: The UNIX time-sharing system (UNIX)
    Aufzählung Rashid: Accent - A communication oriented network OS kernel (MACH)
     
  2. Basics  [ slides (part 1)]    [ slides (part 2)]
    Aufzählung Kaashoek: Exterminate all operating system abstractions
    Aufzählung Kaashoek: Exokernel: An operating system architecture for application-level resource management
     
    Aufzählung A Guide to Programming on Intel IA32 PC Architecture
    Aufzählung IA32 Intel Architecture Software Developer's Manual, Volume 1: Basic Architecture
    Aufzählung IA32 Intel Architecture Software Developer's Manual, Volume 2: Instruction Set Reference Manual
    Aufzählung IA32 Intel Architecture Software Developer's Manual, Volume 3: System Programming Guide
     
  3. Virtual Machines   [ slides]
    Aufzählung Jones: Virtual Linux  (nice overview/introduction from 12/2006)
    Aufzählung Rosenblum: Virtual Machine Monitors: Current Technology and Future Trends
    Aufzählung Rose: Survey of System Virtualization Techniques
    Aufzählung Barham: Xen and the art of virtualization
    Aufzählung Robin: Analysis of the Intel Pentium's Ability to Support a Secure Virtual Machine Monitor
    Aufzählung US Patent 6397242: Virtualization system including a virtual machine monitor for a computer with a segmented architecture (VmWare)
    Aufzählung Hand: Self-Paging in the Nemesis Operating System
    Aufzählung Bugnion: Disco: running commodity operating systems on scalable multiprocessors
     
  4. Processes   [ slides]
    Aufzählung Unix Programming FAQ - Process Control
     
  5. CPU Scheduling  [ slides]
    Aufzählung Mitzenmacher:The Power of Two Choices in Randomized Load Balancing
     
  6. Threads  [ slides]
    Aufzählung An Introduction to Programming with Threads
    Aufzählung Getting Started With POSIX Threads
    Aufzählung Multithreaded Programming Guide
    Aufzählung Engelschall: Portable Multithreading  (signal stack trick for User-Level Threads)
     
  7. Concurrency and Synchronization   [ slides]
    Aufzählung Lamport: A fast mutual exclusion algorithm
    Aufzählung Fast Mutual Exclusion for Uniprocessors (Restartable Atomic Sequence)
    Aufzählung Lampson: Experience with Processes and Monitors in Mesa
    Aufzählung The Little Book of Semaphores
     
  8. Deadlocks    [ slides]
    Aufzählung Coffman: System Deadlocks
    Aufzählung EWD 623: The mathematics behind the Banker’s Algorithm
     
  9. Memory Management - Virtual Memory   [ slides]
     
  10. Memory Management - Paging and Trashing  [ slides]
     
  11. Memory Management - Linking   [ slides]
    Aufzählung How To Write Shared Libraries
    Aufzählung ELF format.pdf
    Aufzählung GNU Assembler
    Aufzählung Linkers and Loaders (book manuscript): http://www.iecc.com/linker/
     
  12. Mass Storage - Disk Storage  [ slides]
    Aufzählung Reference Guide - Hard Disk Drives: http://www.storagereview.com/guide/guide_index.html
    Aufzählung RAID: High-Performance, Reliable Secondary Storage
     
  13. Mass Storage - File Systems   [ draft (not final version)]
    Aufzählung NTFS: http://www.ntfs.com
    Aufzählung NetApp's WAFL (file system snapshots)
     
  14. Mass Storage - Flash Memory   [ slides]
     
  15. Mass Storage - Recovery and Performance   [ draft (not final version)]
     
  16. IO Devices and Drivers   [ slides]
    • Was not covered in lecture, will not be included in examination.
       
  17. Real-Time Systems
    Aufzählung Jane W.S. Liu. Real Time Systems. Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-099651-3, 2000.
    Aufzählung C.M. Krishna, Kang G. Shin. Real-Time Systems. McGraw-Hill, ISBN: 0-07-057043-4, 1997.
    Aufzählung Hermann Kopetz. Real-Time Systems: Design Principles for Distributed Embedded Applications. Kluwer, ISBN 0-79-239894-7, 1997.
     

Further Readings:
Aufzählung Silberschatz, Galvin, Gagne. Operating System Concepts. 6th Edition. John Wiley & Sonns, 2003. ISBN 0-471-25060-0
Aufzählung William Stallings. Betriebssysteme – Prinzipien und Umsetzung. 4. Auflage. Prentice Hall, 2003. ISBN 3-8273-7030-2
Aufzählung Andrew Tanenbaum. Moderne Betriebssysteme. 2002. ISBN 3827370191
Aufzählung R. G. Herrtwich and G. Hommel. Kooperation und Konkurrenz - Nebenläufige, verteilte und echtzeitabhängige Programmsysteme. Springer-Verlag, 1989. ISBN 3-540-51701-4.
Aufzählung H. Kopetz. Real-Time Systems: Design Principles for Distributed Embedded Applications. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997. ISBN 0-7923-9894-7.
Aufzählung Joseph Pranevich, The Wonderful World of Linux 2.6.
http://www.kniggit.net/wwol26.html (cached pdf)
Aufzählung Unix Programming FAQ: http://www.erlenstar.demon.co.uk/unix/faq_toc.html
 Links
Book: Silberschatz
OS Principles
Open VMS
 HP Documentation
HPI-Potsdam
Prof. Polze: Operating Systems Principles
HU-Berlin
Dr. Bell: Unix System Architecture
MIT
Exokernel Operating System
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